First Day at the Archives

So I have arrived in Latvia, and today I made my first trip to the Latvian State Historical Archives.

And I may have already found something!

Since it takes them a few days to find and bring out the requested documents, for the most part today was just filling out the forms to request the items I wanted to look at.

But they also have a computerized database of their pre-1944 passport holdings for people dwelling in RÄ«ga – that is searchable by name. The information the database provides is just first name, surname, father’s name and usually birthdate/place and place of registration, but the full passport file should provide more.

Using this database, I believe I have tracked down my mysterious Celmiņš ancestors – the family whose name I bear, but about whom I know relatively little about.

The great-grandparents I believe I located are Pēteris Celmiņš and his wife Anna (maiden name Liepa). The birthdates listed in the database are a couple of days off from the birthdates I have from their gravestones (one day for Anna and twelve days for Pēteris), but they are the correct month and year. No other people with the same names came close in terms of birthdates, and these were the only Anna Celmiņa (born Liepa) and Pēteris Celmiņš that were registered in the same district as each other, so chances are these are the right people.

I have requested the passport files, and these should include photos – I have a photograph of them, so this should help confirm that I have the right people. It is also possible there was a transcription mistake and the passport file will show the birthdates corresponding to what I have. Sometimes these passport files also include things like marriage certificates, so something like that to further confirm this to be the right couple would be wonderful!

If this is the right couple, my research will take me out of RÄ«ga records, and once again into the north of Vidzeme – a region that is already the place of origin for the families of two of my great-grandfathers.

Friday I go back to the archives!

Tombstone Tuesday – Cemetery of Non-Existent Cemeteries

Another slightly unusual “Tombstone Tuesday”. Today I’m deviating somewhat from the “Latvian” part of this blog, because what I came across here while visiting Gdansk, Poland, really spoke to me.

This is the memorial stone at the “Cemetery of Non-Existent Cemeteries” – a memorial built to commemorate all of the destroyed cemeteries in Gdansk, and the people who may have died without having their burial places marked at all. Click on the photo to enlarge it.

Now, I don’t speak Polish, and Google Translate can be a bit dodgy, so maybe one of my Polish readers can translate what it says on the four sides of it? (only one side is visible in the above photograph) I also don’t know which side has the beginning of the phrase.

  • “…TYM CO IMION NIE MAJA”
  • “NA GROBIE”
  • “A TYLKO BÓG WIE, JAK KTO”
  • “SIĘ ZOWIE…”

Thank you for your translations!

Deciphering Handwriting

While looking at the 1895 Census images last week, I found a record that I believe belongs to one of my great-grandfathers, Brencis Līcītis. The Brencis Līcītis listed here is around the right age. Brencis is a fairly uncommon first name, and Līcītis is even less common so chances are good that this is the right person.

I know my Brencis Līcītis was not native to the Krustpils area, so the key information I wanted to extract from this census was where he was from.

From family sources, I know it was near Dobele, in western Latvia. But precisely where, I’m stuck. And this record doesn’t help so far, because the writing is terrible!

The location in question – first box is where he was born, the second, the place of registration of the birth. The two look similar enough that if we are to assume the handwriting is terrible, they could be the same place.

The last part looks to be “Kurland guberniya” – the Courland province of Russian Empire (consisting of modern-day Kurzeme and Zemgale in Latvia). Dobele is in Kurzeme, so thus far this seems appropriate.

However, the first part appears nowhere, no matter how many German exonym lists I look at. Is it “Sarinelf”? “Sarinekf”? Neither of those appear anywhere. The only place name I can find that is remotely close is “Zarnikau” (modern-day Carnikava), but that is north of RÄ«ga and in the Livland guberniya, not Kurland. It could also be a Russian exonym, but by and large, from what I’ve seen, Russian records simply transliterate the German name to Cyrillic.

The second part might hold the answer to the puzzle, since it is very possible that the first part is a manor/homestead name (hence too small to appear on any list), and the second part the district, but the writing is so cramped that I can’t make it out. Anyone else care to give it a go?

I am continuing to work on this puzzle, but I do have another avenue of hope – next week I will be arriving in Latvia, and beginning my research in the historical archives there. I aim to look through the 1935 and 1941 census records, and hopefully those records are written in a clearer manner. Or even typewritten. I can hope, can’t I?

Tombstone Tuesday – Latvian DPs, 1948

My “Tombstone Tuesday” submission isn’t the tombstone for one person, but rather, a memorial to many.

I am currently in Copenhagen, Denmark, and one of my main reasons for coming here was to visit this memorial (click on the image to view a larger one):

It is the memorial to Latvians who died in exile in Denmark after the Second World War. My maternal grandparents were among the Latvian DPs (Displaced Persons) who lived in Denmark during this time, before going to Canada in the late 1940s. I have a photograph taken of the memorial (found in Vestre Cemetery) by one of my grandparents shortly after it was erected, and yesterday I was able to visit it myself, and take the above photo, sixty years later.

Translated to English (in spirit, not word for word), the top inscription reads: “I rest my head on the dreams of my homeland.” The bottom inscription: “For our countrymen who died during the time of exile in Denmark – Latvian Displaced Persons, 1948”. The blocks in front of the memorial, as well as on either side it, list the names of these Latvians.

It has been difficult to find any information on Latvian DPs in Denmark, since most information about Latvian DPs talks exclusively about the DP camps in Germany. This is why it was so important for me to visit this memorial myself: It is a powerful reminder saying “We were here. Do not forget us.”

Deutsches Auswandererhaus Bremerhaven

I’ve mentioned previously that I am currently traveling in Europe. At the moment, I’m in Germany, and two days ago, I paid a visit to the Deutsches Auswandererhaus Bremerhaven – the German Emigration Center in Bremerhaven, a port from which 7.2 million emigrants departed for the New World between 1830 and 1974. This number included over 3 million emigrants from Eastern Europe, and would have included many Latvians. I do not have exact statistics on the number of Latvian migrants that passed through Bremerhaven at present, but if these statistics exist, I will find them.

This is more than a museum – it is a walkthrough of the emigration experience. From a simulated wharf and steerage cabins to explore, to a reception centre meant to simulate that of Ellis Island in the USA, visitors are also provided with “boarding passes” including key cards that provide information about a specific migrant when swiped at certain stations.

Most interesting to me as a genealogist was the “Gallery of the Seven Million” – a hall of rows upon rows of drawers that can be opened to view copies of emigration documents, as well as cabinets that told about the social situations at the time that led to the emigration of some of these people. The passenger lists are not available for viewing past 1939, due to privacy restrictions, but some documents are available in this section beyond that date, presumably donated either by the emigrants themselves or family members. Among these were numerous Latvian emigrant documents.

In terms of the stories told and details provided, it would have been nice if there had been more about the non-German emigrants leaving through Bremerhaven, who comprised almost half of the total number. They were only vaguely referred to throughout the exhibits.

The research center provides access to several databases, such as those of Ancestry.de, but they do not seem to have any special databases available that are not available on the Internet through other channels, so if research is your specific goal, there is no need to visit the museum itself. It is, however, a moving experience to feel what the emigration experience could have been like.

Tomorrow I will be visiting the BallinStadt, a similar museum here in Hamburg. Some of my grandparents departed for Canada from here, so I am excited to visit this museum as well!

Working With The 1895 Census

I have had a bit of time now to look at some of the Latvian records for the 1895 All-Russia Census, though I am still on holiday. Just can’t keep away from the genealogy!

The form format is predictable, even if the languages in the headers seem to change – the Krustpils headers are solely in Russian, but in some Riga areas, the headers are in German, Russian and Latvian (pre-spelling reform, so sometimes difficult to puzzle out).

For the most part, my work has been with the records for Krustpils, to try and place ages/birthplaces for some of my maternal great-grandparents.

While browsing these records, I have encountered many surnames that I had not yet encountered in this region. This is due to the fact that the majority of people in this region at this time were Jewish, and my previous experience with records of this area has only been with Lutheran church records. While I am used to how Latvian names are usually written in Russian, this is my first experience working with Jewish names, so I am not entirely certain as to how well they translate or transliterate into Russian. I am given to understand that many Jews of this time period spoke Russian, so perhaps it is a question more of how well the names translate or transliterate into English, but I will need to study this history a bit more to be able to comment on the accuracy of Jewish names in this census.

Like many other census records, these start with the usual fields: name, gender, relationship to head of household, age, marital status (columns one to five). Column six is a bit more unique to this census – estate and condition. Since most people lived on manorial estates – even if still nominally free – these were still important identifying characteristics. Column seven asks whether or not the person was born there (that is, the place of census), and if not, where they were born.

Column eight is a bit of a puzzle – neither the German, Russian or Latvian text is particularly clear – I can’t find the key German or Russian words in my dictionaries, and the Latvian, being in pre-standardized spelling, is difficult to decipher – I think it may mean either “previous places of residence” or “place of parents’ residence”. Googling seems to give indications that this could be a “registration place” for an event of some sort, probably the birth. But this doesn’t resemble what I can draw from the Latvian text, so I’m not sure. Column nine is clearer – is this the person’s permanent residence?

I *think* column ten asks for the ages of people not currently there, and of people staying there for a time. What this means, I’m note entirely certain, but this column is most often left blank. Does anyone else have any input on this?

Columns eleven and twelve are again familiar – religion and mother tongue. Column thirteen asks about literacy and education, and column fourteen asks about occupations.

I’ll have my hands full with this census for awhile – it appears that they had one sheet per family – unlike other censuses I have worked with, where families were listed one after another on one sheet of paper until there was no more space. But I have patience. Hopefully this census, and then the 1935 and 1941 ones that I will view in Latvia, will be keys to unlocking some more mysterious parts of my family history!

Have you had any luck finding your ancestors in this census? Share your stories in comments!

Surname Saturday – Baburs

Participating in my first Geneabloggers daily blogging theme – Surname Saturday!

The surname up this week is Baburs.

The most recent ancestor I have with this name is KarolÄ«ne Matilde Baburs, born in Riga and baptized in the Church of Jesus parish in the late 19th century, to Mārtiņš Baburs and his wife Ä’de. Mārtiņš’ father, Ä€dams, may have been Catholic – an anomaly in an otherwise Lutheran family.

The reason I bring out this surname isn’t that I don’t know where my ancestors with this surname were from – they were at least born and baptized in the Latvian-speaking parishes in Latvia, and I have not yet exhausted the records looking for them – but the origin of the surname itself. It is not of Latvian origin, so while it may have been utilized by Latvians (or at least Latvian speakers), it is a borrowing from some other language.

But which one? Most commonly, names would be borrowed from German, Swedish or Russian, but it does not bear much resemblance to a borrowing from any of those. Surname websites – which I consider dubious at best and outright incorrect at worst – say that “Babur” is related to “Baber”, an English surname, derived from the given name “Barbara”. Otherwise, Internet searches tell me that Babur means “tiger” when it is the name of the Turkic Muslim founder of the Mughal dynasty, and the name of a clan in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Remembering that Latvians only acquired surnames in the nineteenth century, which is more likely for a Latvian family – a name originating with the English or a Turkic group? Both seem equally unlikely, given Latvia’s geographical position and historical movements in that time period.

Does anyone have any insight? Could there be a German, Swedish or Russian connection to the name that I have not yet found?

Tips, Tricks and Websites

[This post is written for the 24th edition of the Carnival of Central and Eastern European Genealogy, hosted by Al’s Polish-American Genealogy Research.]

The topic for this Carnival is Tips, Tricks and Websites.

I’ve already outlined the websites useful for Latvian research, but I’ll list them here again, with some other potentially useful websites:

  • LVVA’s “Raduraksti” – the most useful Latvian genealogical website, with images of parish registers from all over Latvia for a variety of religions, in addition to the Latvian districts of the 1895 All-Russia Census.
  • ROOTS=SAKNES – provides a lot of historical context and background to Latvian research.
  • Ciltskoks – a blog (in Latvian only) on Latvian genealogy research.
  • Ciltskoks.lv – the main website that goes along with the blog above. It bills itself as an Internet portal that has a focus on genealogy, but I have only started using it, and have not seen much in the way of genealogical discussion.
  • 1188.lv – Telephone directory for modern-day Latvia (“personu katalogs” for personal directory, default is business), which may help locate living relatives. Registration is required to view phone numbers, but names and regions are visible without registration.

Now on to the tips and tricks!

  • Invest in dictionaries translating to German, Russian and Latvian. Most older Latvian documents are in German or Russian, while post-1918 documents will be in Latvian.
  • Familiarize yourself with Russian handwriting – it looks very different from typed Russian. Additionally, German-language records may be in Kurrent or Sütterlin handwriting, which can be quite different from standard Latin handwriting.
  • Russian records will sometimes have the name recorded in German as well. Comparing the Russian spelling of the name with the German spelling of the name can help determine its Latvian spelling. For example, my surname, Celmiņa, will often be spelled “Zelmiņ” in German, but in Russian – “Целминь”. The “Ц” indicates that it would be spelled with a “C” in Latvian.
  • Be prepared to spend a lot of time on your research. Unlike many basic US, Canadian or British records, Latvian records are not indexed, and may take many hours of scrolling through microfilms or clicking through Raduraksti images, deciphering handwriting, to find just one piece of information.
  • Do not assume that if someone has the same surname, that they are a relative. Latvian surnames were only granted in the 19th century, and this process took many different forms – they may have been chosen by the now-bearers of the name, they could have been assigned by a local official, they could have been a former nickname/occupation/manor name/farm name/location-based name. All of this can lead to the same surname being used by many unrelated groups.
  • Find out as much information as you can from living relatives – due to lack of indexes, it is imperative to know what parish relatives were from. For common surnames, it is further necessary to know as much as possible about a person – middle names, occupations, birthdates, etc. since there may be several people with that name in the parish.
  • Utilize different record sources – the availability of parish registers on “Raduraksti” differs from the availability of parish registers through the LDS Family History Library. If the time period/parish you’re looking for isn’t available at one, consult the other.

Thanks for reading my first Blog Carnival entry! If you want any help deciphering handwriting, or in converting surnames between languages, just let me know and I can try to help you!

Families Unknown

When doing your research, have you ever come across a family – not your own – that appears to have a story to tell, and you want to find out what that story is?

This has happened to me while looking at the Limbaži parish registers.

While looking at the christening records, the records where no father was named often stood out, since they were relatively rare. After going through several years’ worth of christening records, I noticed that the same surname appeared several times – Mitrovski (also spelled Mitrowski, Mitrofski and Mitrowskij). Of the twelve fatherless children christened from 1900 to 1905, three of them bore this surname.

Then I looked further into the rest of the records for that time period – three other children were born with this surname, with fathers listed. The fathers’ occupations were all listed as “цыган” – Russian for “gypsy”. Whether this meant that they were ethnically Roma or not is unclear right now, since it would seem unusual for someone’s ethnicity to appear as their occupation. There is only one other surname that appears with the designation of “цыган”, Burkevich (Burkewitsch, Burkkevich), and this surname also appears as that belonging to the godparents of one of the Mitrovski children.

There are four unique womens’ names listed as mothers – Marija, Natalija, Matilda and Zuzanna. This last one is of most interest, since this name is listed as the mother of three of the children – two with fathers, one without. Are these three mothers one and the same person? Zuzanna is not a common name – this is in fact the only occurrence of it in Limbaži records as a whole (christening, marriage, burial) in this time period.

So far, to me, it would seem that there are either a) two women, or b) one woman with a very unusual set of circumstances.

The unusual circumstances? The fatherless child born to a Zuzanna Mitrovski, Ferdinand, was born in 1905 – after the two children with fathers (Adele, born 1901; Ludwig, born 1903). The father of both of these children is a Mikel Mitrovski, so it would seem plausible that Adele and Ludwig are brother and sister. Mitrovski is also listed as Zuzanna’s maiden name (August Mitrovski, the third child listed with a father, lists no maiden name for the mother, Matilda).

This would mean that if the same Zuzanna Mitrovski had all three of the children, that the last child was not the child of Mikel (though a Mikel Mitrovski is listed as one of the godparents, as is a Dora Mitrovski). Since there is no death record listed for Mikel (though it is possible he died in 1904, for which no records seem to exist, but then Zuzanna would be listed as a widow), where did he go? Was there a divorce? These are sometimes noted next to marriage records, but I have not yet come across a marriage record for Mikel and Zuzanna. Were they still married, but the child was not his, and therefore he would not acknowledge it, except in a godfatherly capacity?

The other explanation would be that Ferdinand was born to a different Zuzanna Mitrovski. Her occupation is listed as “дев. цыг.” – probable shorthand for “девица цыган” – gypsy maiden”. It would seem unlikely that such a designation would be given to a woman who has already had at least two children. Mitrovski (or modern form, Mitrovskis) is not a common surname in Latvia – could she be a relative of the other Zuzanna? If so, how? Cousin, sister, even daughter? And do descendants of this family exist in Latvia today? If they were ethnic Roma, it is possible that they perished in the Holocaust, but they may have survived.

As I work my way back through the records, I will keep an eye on this surname, and see what develops. Hopefully this is a mystery that can be solved!

1895 Census – Live!

I’m currently traveling, so I hadn’t checked in at LVVA’s “Raduraksti” for a week or so. Today I visited the site, and discovered that the records for the Latvian parishes of the 1895 All-Russia Census are live and available for browsing!

I haven’t yet had the opportunity to examine them in detail, since I only spotted them while going to the website to consult a parish register quickly before heading out to do some sightseeing. But from what I can tell, they seem pretty thorough. Many parishes are listed, and the parish files that I have opened appear to contain full forms. I don’t have my Russian dictionary on hand, so I’m not sure what some of the columns mean, but I hope to get on that later this week as I take a bit of a pause to relax during the mad rush of travel.

In the meantime, I hope that those of you who have been waiting for these records to appear online are able to make use of them. Like the parish registers, they are not indexed, but the images seem to be good quality, so if you know where your ancestors lived, these records could give you good insight into their families.

Best of luck and happy research!